Oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and intestinal microbial regulation after a chronic zinc exposure: an experimental study on adult zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)

Abstract Zinc is one of the heavy metals present in textile wastewater with high concentrations. However, chronic toxic effects zinc on aquatic vertebrates are still ambiguous. accumulation zebrafish after exposure and intestines, muscles, gills were investigated this study. The results showed that a significant intestine, muscle, gill was observed 25 d exposure. mainly form zinc-induced oxidative stress zebrafish, potential neurotoxicity, changes intestinal microbes. Significant levels superoxide dismutase, catalase, metallothionein, glutathione, malondialdehyde indicated damaged antioxidant system adult zebrafish. resulted decrease acetylcholinesterase activity abnormal neural signaling. Furthermore, increased microbial richness decreased Simpson index At phylum genus levels, predominant microbes intestine altered by zinc. In summary, study provides an analysis mechanisms, which important for assessing dual organisms.